Aula 30: Contando o Que Outros Disseram – Discurso Indireto (Reported Speech) 🗣️💬
(Reporting What Others Said – Reported Speech)
Bem-vindo(a) à Aula 30! ✨
Nesta aula, vamos aprender a relatar o que outras pessoas disseram, usando o Discurso Indireto (Reported Speech ou Indirect Speech). Isso é muito útil para contar histórias e transmitir informações. Nosso tema será Relatando conversas do trabalho, o que alguém disse em uma ligação, ou em situações de compras. Prepare-se para se tornar um ótimo contador de histórias! 🛍️📞💼
30. Relatando Conversas: Discurso Indireto
30.1 O Que é Discurso Indireto? 🗣️➡️💬
O Discurso Indireto (Reported Speech) é usado quando queremos contar a alguém o que outra pessoa disse, sem usar as palavras exatas dela.
Discurso Direto: She said, "I am busy." (Ela disse: "Eu estou ocupada.")
Discurso Indireto: She said (that) she was busy. (Ela disse que estava ocupada.)
Ao transformar o discurso, geralmente mudamos pronomes, tempos verbais (backshift), e expressões de tempo/lugar. Os verbos de relato mais comuns são "say" e "tell" (Lembre-se: say something vs. tell someone something).
30.2 Mudanças Essenciais no Discurso Indireto 🔄
Quando o verbo de relato (ex: said, told) está no passado, o tempo verbal da frase original geralmente "dá um passo para trás" no tempo (backshift). Pronomes e expressões de tempo também se ajustam.
Principais Mudanças (Backshift):
- Simple Present → Simple Past ("I work" → he worked)
- Present Continuous → Past Continuous ("I am working" → he was working)
- Simple Past / Present Perfect → Past Perfect ("I worked" / "I have worked" → he had worked)
- will → would ("I will work" → he would work)
- can → could ("I can work" → he could work)
- today → that day; tomorrow → the next day; yesterday → the day before
- here → there; this → that
30.3 Prática: Relatando Conversas do Dia a Dia
Aqui estão 30 exemplos práticos de como reportar afirmações em vários contextos e tempos verbais.
| Discurso Direto (O que foi dito) | Discurso Indireto (Como você conta) | Pronúncia (IPA / Simplificada) e Tradução |
|---|---|---|
| "I need a new phone." | He said he needed a new phone. | /hiː sed hiː ˈniːdɪd.../(ríi séd ríi níi-dêd...)Ele disse que precisava de um celular novo. |
| "She works in the marketing department." | He told me she worked in the marketing department. | /hiː toʊld miː ʃiː wɜːrkt.../(ríi tôuld míi xíi uãrkt...)Ele me disse que ela trabalhava no departamento de marketing. |
| "We want to buy these items." | They said they wanted to buy those items. | /ðeɪ sed ðeɪ ˈwɑːntɪd.../(dhêi séd dhêi uón-têd...)Eles disseram que queriam comprar aqueles itens. |
| "I don't understand the instructions." | She said she didn't understand the instructions. | /ʃiː sed ʃiː ˈdɪdnt ˌʌndərˈstænd.../(xíi séd xíi dê-dãnt ân-dãr-sténd...)Ela disse que não entendia as instruções. |
| "The supermarket closes at 10 PM." | He mentioned that the supermarket closed at 10 PM. | /hiː ˈmenʃənd ðæt ðə ˈsuːpərmɑːrkɪt kloʊzd.../(ríi mén-xãnd dhét dhã súu-pãr-már-kêt clôuzd...)Ele mencionou que o supermercado fechava às 22h. |
| "I am waiting for a call from my boss." | She said she was waiting for a call from her boss. | /ʃiː sed ʃiː wəz ˈweɪtɪŋ.../(xíi séd xíi uãz uêi-tin...)Ela disse que estava esperando uma ligação do chefe dela. |
| "They are planning the next project meeting." | He explained they were planning the next project meeting. | /hiː ɪkˈspleɪnd ðeɪ wər ˈplænɪŋ.../(ríi ek-splêind dhêi uãr plé-nin...)Ele explicou que eles estavam planejando a próxima reunião do projeto. |
| "We're looking for the electronics section." | They told me they were looking for the electronics section. | /ðeɪ toʊld miː ðeɪ wər ˈlʊkɪŋ.../(dhêi tôuld míi dhêi uãr lú-kin...)Eles me disseram que estavam procurando a seção de eletrônicos. |
| "I bought this shirt yesterday." | He said he had bought that shirt the day before. | /hiː sed hiː hæd bɔːt.../(ríi séd ríi réd bót...)Ele disse que tinha comprado aquela camisa no dia anterior. |
| "We didn't receive the package." | They said they hadn't received the package. | /ðeɪ sed ðeɪ ˈhædnt rɪˈsiːvd.../(dhêi séd dhêi ré-dãnt rĩ-síivd...)Eles disseram que não tinham recebido o pacote. |
| "I have already finished my tasks." | She told her boss she had already finished her tasks. | /ʃiː toʊld hɜːr bɔːs ʃiː hæd ɔːlˈredi ˈfɪnɪʃt.../(xíi tôuld rãr bós xíi réd ól-ré-di fê-nêsht...)Ela disse ao chefe dela que já tinha terminado suas tarefas. |
| "He has never been to this store before." | She said he had never been to that store before. | /ʃiː sed hiː hæd ˈnevər bɪn.../(xíi séd ríi réd né-võr bên...)Ela disse que ele nunca tinha estado naquela loja antes. |
| "I will call you back tomorrow." | He said he would call me back the next day. | /hiː sed hiː wəd kɔːl miː bæk.../(ríi séd ríi uãd cól míi bék...)Ele disse que me ligaria de volta no dia seguinte. |
| "The meeting will start in five minutes." | She announced the meeting would start in five minutes. | /ʃiː əˈnaʊnst ðə ˈmiːtɪŋ wəd stɑːrt.../(xíi ã-náunst dhã míi-rin uãd stárt...)Ela anunciou que a reunião começaria em cinco minutos. |
| "We won't be available this afternoon." | They said they wouldn't be available that afternoon. | /ðeɪ sed ðeɪ ˈwʊdnt biː əˈveɪləbl.../(dhêi séd dhêi uú-dãnt bíi ã-vêi-lã-bõl...)Eles disseram que não estariam disponíveis naquela tarde. |
| "I can help you with that." | He said he could help me with that. | /hiː sed hiː kəd help miː.../(ríi séd ríi cãd rélp míi...)Ele disse que podia me ajudar com aquilo. |
| "You can pay at the cashier over there." | The employee told me I could pay at the cashier over there. | /ði ˌemplɔɪˈiː toʊld miː aɪ kəd peɪ.../(dhí em-plói-íi tôuld míi ái cãd pêi...)O funcionário me disse que eu podia pagar no caixa ali. |
| "I must finish this report today." | She said she had to finish that report that day. | /ʃiː sed ʃiː hæd tə ˈfɪnɪʃ.../(xíi séd xíi réd tã fê-nêsh...)Ela disse que tinha que terminar aquele relatório naquele dia. |
| "You must be on time for the meeting." | The manager told us we had to be on time for the meeting. | /ðə ˈmænɪdʒər toʊld ʌs wiː hæd tə biː.../(dhã mé-nĩ-djãr tôuld âs uíi réd tã bíi...)O gerente nos disse que tínhamos que ser pontuais para a reunião. |
| "The milk is in aisle three." | The store clerk said the milk was in aisle three. | /ðə stɔːr klɜːrk sed ðə mɪlk wəz.../(dhã stór clãrk séd dhã mêlk uãz...)O balconista disse que o leite estava no corredor três. |
| "I was looking for a new job." | He mentioned that he had been looking for a new job. | /hiː ˈmenʃənd ðæt hiː hæd bɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ.../(ríi mén-xãnd dhét ríi réd bên lú-kin...)Ele mencionou que estava procurando um novo emprego. |
| "I have been working here for five years." | She told me she had been working there for five years. | /ʃiː toʊld miː ʃiː hæd bɪn ˈwɜːrkɪŋ.../(xíi tôuld míi xíi réd bên uãr-kin...)Ela me disse que trabalhava lá há cinco anos. |
| "I may go to the party." | He said he might go to the party. | /hiː sed hiː maɪt ɡoʊ.../(ríi séd ríi máit gôu...)Ele disse que talvez fosse à festa. |
| "This is the best product we have." | The seller claimed that that was the best product they had. | /ðə ˈselər kleɪmd ðæt ðæt wəz.../(dhã sé-lãr clêimd dhét dhét uãz...)O vendedor alegou que aquele era o melhor produto que eles tinham. |
| "I don't like this brand." | The customer stated she didn't like that brand. | /ðə ˈkʌstəmər ˈsteɪtɪd ʃiː ˈdɪdnt laɪk.../(dhã câs-tõ-mãr stêi-têd xíi dê-dãnt láik...)A cliente afirmou que não gostava daquela marca. |
| "We are out of stock." | They informed us they were out of stock. | /ðeɪ ɪnˈfɔːrmd ʌs ðeɪ wər aʊt əv stɑːk/(dhêi în-fórmd âs dhêi uãr áut óv stók)Eles nos informaram que estavam sem estoque. |
| "The meeting was cancelled." | My colleague said the meeting had been cancelled. | /maɪ ˈkɑːliːɡ sed ðə ˈmiːtɪŋ hæd bɪn ˈkænsld/(mái có-líig séd dhã míi-rin réd bên kén-sõld)Meu colega disse que a reunião tinha sido cancelada. |
| "I'm not feeling well today." | She explained she wasn't feeling well that day. | /ʃiː ɪkˈspleɪnd ʃiː ˈwɑːznt ˈfiːlɪŋ wel.../(xíi ek-splêind xíi uó-zãnt fíi-lin uél...)Ela explicou que não estava se sentindo bem naquele dia. |
| "You must submit the form by Friday." | He insisted that we had to submit the form by Friday. | /hiː ɪnˈsɪstɪd ðæt wiː hæd tə səbˈmɪt.../(ríi în-sês-têd dhét uíi réd tã sãb-mêt...)Ele insistiu que tínhamos que submeter o formulário até sexta-feira. |
| "I'll be there in ten minutes." | He promised he would be there in ten minutes. | /hiː ˈprɑːmɪst hiː wəd biː ðer.../(ríi pró-mêst ríi uãd bíi dhér...)Ele prometeu que estaria lá em dez minutos. |
Vocabulário da Aula: Relatando Conversas e Opiniões
Verbos de relato de nível intermediário e palavras úteis para conversas.
| Português | Inglês (Tradução e Pronúncia) | Português | Inglês (Tradução e Pronúncia) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afirmar / Declarar | State 🔊/steɪt/(STÊIT) |
Explicar | Explain 🔊/ɪkˈspleɪn/(ek-SPLÊIN) |
| Mencionar | Mention 🔊/ˈmenʃn/(MÉN-xãn) |
Acrescentar | Add 🔊/æd/(ÉD) |
| Insistir | Insist 🔊/ɪnˈsɪst/(în-SÊST) |
Reclamar | Complain 🔊/kəmˈpleɪn/(cãm-PLÊIN) |
| Prometer | Promise 🔊/ˈprɑːmɪs/(PRÓ-mês) |
Sugerir | Suggest 🔊/səɡˈdʒest/(sã-DJÉST) |
| Confirmar | Confirm 🔊/kənˈfɜːrm/(cãn-FÃRM) |
Negar | Deny 🔊/dɪˈnaɪ/(dĩ-NÁI) |
| Admitir | Admit 🔊/ədˈmɪt/(ãd-MÊT) |
Concordar | Agree 🔊/əˈɡriː/(ã-GRÍI) |
| Discordar | Disagree 🔊/ˌdɪsəˈɡriː/(dê-sã-GRÍI) |
Responder | Reply / Respond 🔊/rɪˈplaɪ/ /rɪˈspɑːnd/(ri-PLÁI / ri-SPÓND) |
| Informar | Inform 🔊/ɪnˈfɔːrm/(în-FÓRM) |
Aconselhar | Advise 🔊/ədˈvaɪz/(ãd-VÁIZ) |
| Perguntar / Indagar | Ask / Inquire 🔊/æsk/ /ɪnˈkwaɪər/(ÉSK / în-CUÁI-ãr) |
Afirmar / Alegar | Claim 🔊/kleɪm/(CLÊIM) |
| Declarar | Declare 🔊/dɪˈkler/(dĩ-CLÉR) |
Observar (dizer) | Remark 🔊/rɪˈmɑːrk/(ri-MÁRK) |
| Garantir | Assure 🔊/əˈʃʊr/(ã-XÚR) |
Avisar / Advertir | Warn 🔊/wɔːrn/(UÓRN) |
| Narrar / Recontar | Narrate / Recount 🔊/ˈnæreɪt/ /rɪˈkaʊnt/(NÉ-reit / ri-CÁUNT) |
Supostamente | Allegedly 🔊/əˈledʒɪdli/(ã-LÉ-djêd-li) |
| De acordo com | According to 🔊/əˈkɔːrdɪŋ tu/(ã-CÓR-din tu) |
Citação | Quote 🔊/kwoʊt/(CUÔUT) |
| Declaração | Statement 🔊/ˈsteɪtmənt/(STÊIT-mãnt) |
Conversa | Conversation 🔊/ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃn/(cón-võr-SÊI-shãn) |
| Relato | Account 🔊/əˈkaʊnt/(ã-CÁUNT) |
Descrição | Description 🔊/dɪˈskrɪpʃn/(dês-CRÊP-shãn) |
Tarefa Extra ✍️
Translate the Text
Read the text below about a small misunderstanding at an office. Pay attention to how conversations are reported. Then, try to translate it into Portuguese.
Yesterday at the office was quite confusing. In the morning, my manager, Sarah, told me, "I need the quarterly report on my desk by 3 PM." I confirmed that I understood. So, I started working on it immediately. A bit later, my colleague, Tom, came to my desk. He said, "I just spoke to Sarah. She is going to a client meeting this afternoon." I thought that was strange, but I continued working.
Around noon, I was almost finished. Tom passed by again and said, "Sarah mentioned she will be back tomorrow." This was a surprise. I asked him, "Did she say anything about the report?" Tom replied, "No, she just told me that her meeting had been moved from tomorrow to today."
Now I was really confused. I decided to send Sarah a quick email. I wrote, "Tom said that you were in a meeting and that you would be back the next day. Do you still need the report by 3 PM today?"
A few minutes later, Sarah called me. She sounded amused. She said, "I am in the building, but in a different conference room. I told Tom I was going to a meeting 'on the other side', meaning the other side of the building, not another city!" She explained that she still needed the report by 3 PM. She added that she had never said anything about being back the next day.
When I saw Tom later, I told him what Sarah had said. He laughed and said he had misunderstood her completely. He admitted that he had been a bit distracted during their conversation. It was a classic case of miscommunication, but in the end, the report was delivered on time.
Quiz
Why was there confusion about the report's deadline?
Exercícios Práticos Finais 📝
Parte 1: Transforme para o Discurso Indireto
Reescreva as frases no Discurso Indireto. Comece com "He said..." ou "She told me...".
- "I am very busy today." (He)
→ . - "We went to the supermarket yesterday." (She to me)
→ . - "I will call you next week." (He)
→ .
Respostas da Parte 1: 1. He said (that) he was very busy that day. 2. She told me (that) they had gone to the supermarket the day before. 3. He said (that) he would call me the following week.
Conclusão 🥳
Parabéns por concluir a Aula 30! Você aprendeu os fundamentos do Discurso Indireto (Reported Speech), incluindo as importantes mudanças de tempo verbal (backshift), pronomes e expressões de tempo/lugar. Agora você pode relatar o que outras pessoas disseram de forma mais precisa e natural.
Continue praticando a transformação de frases e observando como o discurso indireto é usado em diferentes contextos.
Na Aula 31: "Verbos com "-ing" como Nomes – Gerúndios", vamos explorar como os verbos terminados em "-ing" podem funcionar como substantivos. Até lá!
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